• The metabolism of amino acids into

  2025-01-16

  

  The metabolism of amino acids into volatile aldehydes involves both decarboxylation and deamination steps. The order of these reactions and the enzymes performing the catalysis differ among plants [13]. In tomato fruit the conversion of L-Phe to 2-phenylethanal is catalyzed by two enzymatic steps, i

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Diabetic complications a

  2025-01-16

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Diabetic complications are responsible for increased morbidity and mortality of diabetic patients. Increased flow of Sulindac sulfide synthesis through the polyol pathway under conditions of hyperglycemia contributes to the development of diabetic complications.

• BGP-15 A previous study showed that miR

  2025-01-16

  

  A previous study showed that miR-200c is involved in glucose-mediated pathological processes (Zhang, Guan, & Jin, 2017). Glucose metabolism is critical for the growth and proliferation of both normal BGP-15 and cancer cells, and reprogramming glucose metabolism now has been considered as a target of

• A-54556A activity br Conflicts of interest br Newly Identifi

  2025-01-16

  

  Conflicts of interest Newly Identified Mechanisms of APN Resistance Hold Therapeutic Potential APN, APN Receptors, and APN Cardiovascular Protection APN Resistance in Cardiovascular Disease The Molecular Mechanisms of APN Resistance Concluding Remarks and Future Directions Finally,

• br Concluding Remarks The effects of point mutations of

  2025-01-16

  

  Concluding Remarks The effects of point mutations of the four ARs on ligand binding affinities, functional potencies, and efficacies constitute a valuable source of pharmacological information. We analyzed the existing data and mapped it on the collection of available AR crystal structures, allow

• Ethanol can affect biological systems

  2025-01-16

  

  Ethanol can affect biological systems directly, or also through the interactions between these systems, which become important in the actions promoted by alcohol consumption. Its metabolites acetaldehyde and acetate play a key role in the Stovarsol mediating some effects of ethanol (Israel et al., 1

• gaboxadol br Acknowledgments We thank the anonymous reviewer

  2025-01-16

  

  Acknowledgments We thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript, and also thank Dr. Hans-U. Dahms for his comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation (2009-0071218) funded to Young-Mi Lee. This work was al

• br AD and COX LOX

  2025-01-16

  

  AD and COX/5-LOX pharmacology Early studies on the role of cyclooxygenases in AD were inspired by epidemiological data suggesting that COX inhibitors such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) could be beneficial in AD patients (Lucca et al., 1994, McGeer et al., 1990). This line of re

• Inflammations lead to the perturbation of aromatase enzyme w

  2025-01-15

  

  Inflammations lead to the perturbation of aromatase enzyme [112], which normally is responsible for a broad array of critical functions. Chemotherapy targets this enzyme, so this treatment option is never side-effect-free and not fully-effective. Therefore, the mankind should be careful so as not to

• The therapeutic potential of ML induced MET against

  2025-01-15

  

  The therapeutic potential of ML327-induced MET against Inflammation compound screening of mesenchymal origin has not been explored. In the present study, we hypothesized that induction of MET using ML327 would block the growth of ES cells and sensitize to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Herein, we report

• To elucidate whether membrane fluidity changes could

  2025-01-15

  

  To elucidate whether membrane fluidity changes could impact on signaling pathways, we examined the effects of Rh2 on the activation of Akt, a lipid raft-associated protein kinase, which promotes cell survival and blocks the apoptotic pathways. Upon pretreatment with 5 mM MβCD and in the absence of R

• The association of male gender with increased atherosclerosi

  2025-01-15

  

  The association of male gender with increased atherosclerosis has stimulated interest in the role of androgen signalling in this condition. Androgens act (Fig. 2) by direct activation of androgen receptor (AR), a nuclear receptor that acts as a ligand-regulated transcription factor (Gao et al., 2005

• The first and the best characterized mechanism

  2025-01-15

  

  The first and the best-characterized mechanism of receptor-dependent internalization of Aβ is mediated via the α7-nicotinic Picroside II synthesis receptor [82]. Lipoprotein receptor protein represents the second best-studied route that facilitates the uptake of Aβ by neurons, involving additional

• Because activation of HT A receptor

  2025-01-15

  

  Because activation of 5-HT2A receptor is capable of facilitating dopamine cell activity and dopamine release (Bortolozzi et al., 2003), and this action of dopamine is known to mediate rat maternal behavior, especially maternal motivation (Afonso et al., 2007, Febo et al., 2010, Li and Fleming, 2003,

• Another interesting interaction concerns NMDA preconditionin

  2025-01-14

  

  Another interesting interaction concerns NMDA preconditioning to protect against glutamate neurotoxicity. It has been shown that an A1R antagonist prevented neuroprotection evoked by NMDA preconditioning against glutamate-induced cellular damage in cerebellar granule cells. In this study, the functi

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